70 years ago today, »Creature from the Black Lagoon«, celebrated its film premiere in New York City. We're not only taking this as an opportunity to pay our respects to the Gill Man as the last great Universal Monster, but also for a small class reunion of the legendary creatures.
Of course, the man with a thousand faces, Lon Chaney, the character actor who created his own masks and appeared as »The Hunchback of Notre Dame« in the 1923 silent film is also invited. His best-known role is »The Phantom of the Opera« from 1925.
When Universal boss Carl Laemmle transferred studio management to his son Carl Laemmle Jr., who was a big fan of horror stories, the horror film really took off and in 1931 Bela Lugosi in »Dracula« and Boris Karloff in »Frankenstein« became stars of the genre. Karloff went on to play »The Mummy« the following year. In 1934, both actors appeared in front of the camera together for the first time in »The Black Cat«. Elsa Lanchester's role as »Bride of Frankenstein« was small, but so iconic that she secured a place among her male colleagues.
You can't talk about the Universal Monsters without talking about makeup artist Jack Pierce, who created the legendary monsters from Frankenstein's creatures to the Wolf Man. In 1933, Claude Rains' »The Invisible Man« was another milestone.
The Universal films were so successful that other studios also tasted blood and produced horror movies. RKO shot »The Most Dangerous Game« and their »King Kong« with Willis O'Brien's groundbreaking stop motion technology; Warner Bros. showed Lionel Atwill in the Technicolor two-color film »Mystery of the Wax Museum«; MGM had »Freaks« and cast Peter Lorre in »Mad Love« and for Paramount Charles Laughton played Dr. Moreau in »Island of Lost Souls« and Fredric March was »Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde«. The latter is sometimes incorrectly attributed to the Universal Monsters.
The first half of the 1930s was a golden age for horror and Universal in particular. But in 1936, the Laemmles lost control of their studio when their film »Show Boat« flopped. The new owners had other plans and took horror off the agenda. Only a constantly sold-out revival of »Dracula« and »Frankenstein« with queues around the block caused the decision-makers to rethink.
Boris Karloff played the monster for the third and last time in »Son of Frankenstein« in 1939 and in 1941, Creighton Tull Chaney made his debut as »The Wolf Man« under the name Lon Chaney Jr. In 1943 there was the first crossover with »Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man« with Lon Chaney as the Wolf Man and Bela Lugosi as Frankenstein's Monster. Chaney also played the mummy in three of the four »Mummy« films, a role he hated with all his heart.
Finally, Universal had the idea of bringing all the monsters together and so »House of Frankenstein« and »House of Dracula« were made in 1944 and -45. While these films were certainly entertaining, they were just a tired reflection of the films of the 1930s. They had arrived in the depths of the B-movie. In 1948, pairing the monsters with a comedy in »Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein« finally took away any sense of horror.
In the 1950s, science fiction films replaced the horror genre and reflected the fear of communism and the nuclear threat. Alien monsters, mutated spiders (»Tarantula«), ants (»Them«) and other monster-sized creatures took the lead. But in 1954 we meet the good old “King Kong - The Beauty and the Beast” story in »Creature from the Black Lagoon«, directed by Jack Arnold, a film was made that would become the last great classic in the Universal Monsters series.
During an excavation in the Amazon, a scientific team finds a fossilized hand with webbed fingers, a missing link between fish and humans. An expedition sets off into the Black Lagoon only to discover that the extinct creature they are searching for is still very much alive ...
The film was shot in parallel in two units; the main part was shot on the Universal backlot under Jack Arnold's direction. The main roles are played by Richard Carlson, Julie Adams and Richard Denning. Ben Chapman slipped into the monster suit.
The underwater footage (a total of 18 minutes of the film) was shot in Wakulla Springs, Florida, and directed by James Curtis Havens. Underwater, Ricou Browning played the Gill Man. Scotty Welbourne's cinematography is one of the best parts of the film. Film history was made here in particular by the "pas de deux" scene when Julie Adams takes a bath in the river and the creature swims curiously under her (or under stuntwoman Ginger Stanley) and falls in love - and we fall in love with the monster.
Bud Westmore had now replaced Jack Pierce in the mask department at Uiversal. Westmore claimed sole credit for the creation of the creature. Today we know that the design was created by Milicent Patrick and that makeup artists E. Thomas Case, Robert Hickman, Jack Kevan and Chris Mueller also played a large part in the creation of Gill Man. Credit where credit is due!
And congratulations again to the »Creature from the Black Lagoon«, who secured his place in the monster pantheon with the film. Two sequels were to follow.
The Gill Man and the other Universal Monsters are also a popular and recurring theme in action figures and other collectibles. You can find a good selection in our shop:
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